VPN、住宅代理与 IPv4 代理——有何区别？

VPN, Residential Proxies, and IPv4 Proxies — What’s the Difference?

In an era of digital surveillance, regional restrictions, and big data, the issue of anonymity and geolocation spoofing is no longer just for hackers. Today, it is a vital tool for marketers, data researchers, gamers, and ordinary users wishing to maintain their privacy. However, the market offers three main solutions: VPNs, residential proxies, and standard server-based (datacenter) IPv4 proxies.

Despite having a similar goal — hiding your real IP — these are technically very different tools with different use cases. In this article, we will analyze in detail how they work and highlight the pros and cons of each.

VPN (Virtual Private Network)

VPN is a technology that creates an encrypted "tunnel" between your device and the VPN provider's server. All of your traffic (not just the browser, but games, instant messengers, and system updates) passes through this tunnel.

How does it work?

When you turn on a VPN, your computer or smartphone first encrypts the data and then sends it to the VPN server. This server decrypts the data and sends it to the open internet on its own behalf. To the destination website, you appear to be a user located wherever the server is situated.

Pros of VPN:

1. Data Encryption: The main advantage. Even your ISP (Internet Service Provider) cannot see which websites you visit.

2. Security on Public Networks: Essential when using Wi-Fi in cafes or airports.

3. Ease of Use: Usually, it’s just a single "Connect" button in an app.

4. System-wide IP Replacement: All applications on the device receive the new address.

Cons of VPN:

1. Speed Reduction: Encryption requires processing power, which inevitably slows down the internet connection.

2. High Probability of Detection: Many services (e.g., Netflix or banking anti-fraud systems) easily identify the IP addresses of major VPN providers and block access.

3. Lack of Flexibility: You cannot change IP addresses rapidly (e.g., every minute), which is critical for automated tasks.

IPv4 Proxies (Server / Datacenter Proxies)

These are the most common and affordable types of proxies. These IP addresses belong to large data centers and cloud providers (e.g., Amazon, DigitalOcean, Hetzner).

How does it work?

Unlike a VPN, proxies usually work at the application level (for example, only in a browser or specific software). The traffic is not encrypted (unless the HTTPS or SOCKS5 protocol is used) but is simply redirected through a remote server.

Pros of IPv4 Proxies:

1. High Speed: Since there is no complex encryption involved, bandwidth can reach several gigabits per second.

2. Low Price: This is the most budget-friendly option on the market.

3. Stability: Servers in data centers operate 24/7 with 99.9% uptime.

4. Unlimited Traffic: Most providers sell them at a fixed price per unit without data volume limits.

Cons of IPv4 Proxies:

1. Low Trust Score: Websites see that the request is coming from a data center rather than a real person. This often leads to CAPTCHAs or instant blocking.

2. Shared Subnets: If your "neighbor" in the subnet (addresses starting with the same digits) sends spam, the entire subnet might be banned, including your clean IP.

3. Lack of Encryption: Your data can be intercepted on its way to the proxy server if you are not using secure protocols.

Residential Proxies

These are the "major leagues" in the world of bypassing blocks. Residential proxies are IP addresses issued by real Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to ordinary home users.

How does it work?

When you use a residential proxy, your request passes through the home router or computer of a real person (this often happens within P2P networks where users agree to share traffic for certain benefits). To any website, you look like a regular home user from New York, Berlin, or Tokyo.

Pros of Residential Proxies:

1. Maximum Anonymity: Virtually impossible to distinguish from a real user. They have the highest Trust Score.

2. Huge Selection of Geolocations: You can choose not just a country, but a specific city and even a specific ISP.

3. Bypassing Complex Protections: Ideal for scraping Google or Amazon, working with social networks (Facebook, Instagram), and purchasing limited-edition goods (sneakers, tickets).

4. IP Rotation: The ability to get a new IP for every request or hold one for a short period.

Cons of Residential Proxies:

1. High Cost: Usually, you pay for each gigabyte of traffic, which can become very expensive when watching videos.

2. Connection Instability: If the person whose router is handling your traffic turns off their computer or Wi-Fi, your connection will break (the system will automatically switch you to another IP, but the session may be reset).

3. Low Speed: Speed is limited by the home internet capabilities of the person whose IP you are using.

Detailed Comparison Table

Which One Should You Choose?

The choice of tool depends directly on your tasks.

Choose a VPN if:

• You just need to access a blocked resource.

• You want to protect your data on public Wi-Fi.

• You watch streaming services (and the VPN provider guarantees it bypasses their blocks).

• You need privacy for all programs on your computer at once.

Choose IPv4 (Server) Proxies if:

• You need many IP addresses for very little money.

• You are involved in basic SMM (managing multiple accounts on simpler platforms).

• High download speed and a stable channel are important to you.

• The target website does not have aggressive anti-fraud systems.

Choose Residential Proxies if:

• You are engaged in professional data scraping (Data Mining) and want to avoid bans.

• You work with Facebook Ads, Google Ads, or TikTok Ads (where server proxies result in instant bans).

• You need to simulate the actions of a real user in a specific city.

• You need to participate in sneaker "drops" or concert ticket purchases.

Conclusion

There is no "bad" or "good" tool — only the right one for a specific task. VPN is your armored car for safe internet travel. IPv4 proxies are fast and cheap public transport for mass movement. Residential proxies are the perfect camouflage, allowing you to blend into the crowd and enter places where ordinary "tourists" are forbidden.